Tracing the History in Phu Phrabat

Udon Thani, nestled in Thailand’s northeastern region of Isan, stands as a testament to one of the country’s most significant Bronze Age civilizations. A province renowned today for both its historical allure and pristine landscapes, Udon Thani captivates visitors with its rich heritage and natural beauty. Among its many treasures, Phu Phrabat Historical Park in Ban Phue district commands attention — it’s a site steeped in millennia of history, set amidst surreal rock formations sculpted by nature over millions of years. Spanning over 5,488,000 sq.m., this UNESCO World Heritage-listed site not only showcases archaeological significance but also offers breathtaking scenery waiting to be explored.

CAPTIVATING EXPERIENCES AWAIT AT PHU PHRABAT

FOR HISTORY BUFFS: Phu Phrabat Historical Park is a must-see for historophiles. Its caves are home to over 54 ancient rock paintings, some more than 2,000 years old. Located in Tham Wua (Cow Cave) and Tham Kon (People Cave), these paintings, drawn by Neolithic people circa 4000–2500 BC, reveal conscious expression and culture by early humans. Additionally, the park features natural rock shelters that were later transformed into sacred sites during the Dvaravati Period (6th–11th century CE), and it is known as the birthplace of the “Bai Sema” stone tradition, evident by extensive construction here of these standing markers that are used to define sacred boundaries in Buddhism.

FOR FOLK LEGEND ENTHUSIASTS: Phu Phrabat is steeped in the rich narrative of the folk tale Usa Baras, a poignant story of forbidden love and heartache. It recounts the tragic romance between Nang Usa, the daughter of serpent deity Phra Phan (King of Nagas), and Thao Baros, a human prince. Their love, clandestine and doomed from the outset, is discovered by Phra Phan who, in a fit of fury, constructs a towering fortress to imprison his daughter. This act sparks a fierce battle between the two tribes from which Thao Baros emerges victorious, but the sorrow of the tale does not end there. When Nang Usa eventually learns that Thao Baros is already married, her heart shatters and she succumbs to despair. Grief-stricken by her death, Thao Baros also passes away, his heartbroken soul unable to endure the loss.

In homage to this tragic legend, the locals have named unique rock formations of Phu Phrabat after key moments in the story. Among these is Nang Usa Tower, a towering rock formation resembling a giant mushroom which is said to have been the prison where Phra Phan confined his daughter. The Little Stable is another formation, a pile of stones where it is believed that Thao Baros once rested his horses. And perhaps most haunting of all is Ku Nang Usa, a pagoda-shaped rock mound that marks the spot where heartbroken Nang Usa is said to have been laid to rest, a symbol of undying love and tragic loss.

FOR NATURE LOVERS: Phu Phrabat nestles on the Phu Phan Mountain range, a striking sandstone formation enveloped by sparse forest and a dense tapestry of natural vegetation. This extraordinary landscape, shaped by millions of years of sandstone erosion, boasts an array of rock shelters each bearing a unique and surreal shape. Some of the formations appear as though they have been artfully arranged by human hands, adding an air of mystery to the site. A visit to Phu Phrabat is an invitation to explore and immerse oneself in awe-inspiring, otherworldly terrain.

OTHER NOTEWORTHY ATTRACTIONS IN UDON THANI

BAN CHIANG NATIONAL MUSEUM: A UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992, Ban Chiang is located in Nong Han district approximately 60 kilometers from Udon Thani city. This ancient settlement, dating back over 5,000 years, provides an unparalleled glimpse into early human civilization. Visitors can explore the excavation site which reveals ancient human remains, pottery unique to the area, jewelry, and tools. The site not only offers historical insights but also allows visitors to engage with local culture, with the opportunity to support artisans handcrafting fabrics and pottery.

RED LOTUS LAKE: In Kumphawapi district, approximately 50 kilometers from Udon Thani, lies enchanting Nong Han Lake, which, during November to February, turns into a vivid scene when it is covered with blooming red lotuses. It’s best enjoyed by boat at dawn, and avid bird photographers will be happy to learn that the lake is also a sanctuary for a diverse array of bird species.

Desired to take the prehistoric route? Fly to Udon Thani with Thai Airways!